De situatie van een Koerden in het nieuwe Turkije blijft ingewikkeld en in 1978 is de verzetsbeweging PKK gesticht.
Erbil was ons vroeg centrum van het christendom. Om dit jaar 100 had een stad ons bisschop. De meeste vroege bisschoppen hadden joodse namen, wat daar geoorloofd op duidt het ze bekeerde joden waren.[5] In de plaats woonden meerdere kerkvaders en christelijke auteurs, bijvoorbeeld Abraham aangaande Arbela.
A. The term Kurd in the Middle Persian documents simply means nomad and tent-dweller and could be attributed to any Iranian ethnic group having similar characteristics.[4]
زۆر بیر و بۆچوون سەبارەت بەم گردۆلکەیە ھەیە کە ناوەڕاستی دەشتایەکی پانوبەرین دەگرێت، ھەندێک ئەم گردە بە دەستکرد و تورەگە ڕێژ دەزانن کەلەلایەن ئاشورییەکانەوە بە زۆرەملێ بە دیلەکانی جەنگ دروست کراوە بۆ بەرەنگاربوونەوەی ھێرشی دووژمنەکا .(بەڵام هیچ سەرچاوەیەکی پشتڕاستکراوە نیە) [٤]
Historians claim that the city has been permanently inhabited since the 5th millennium B.C., making it one ofwel the oldest cities in the world, if not the oldest. Erbil’s Citadel kan zijn a UNESCO World Heritage website for being an astonishing example of a multilayered archaeological mound, today overlooking a modern city that has grown around it over the centuries. With more than 7,000 years ofwel history, Erbil – or Hawler, as the locals call it – is the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan, a city with fantastic old bazaars and traditional cafés, which can all be visited while you bump into the many locals that hang out in the lively Erbil’s central square.
The name would be continued in classical antiquity as the first element in the toponym Corduene, and its inhabitants, mentioned by Xenophon as the tribe of the Carduchoi who opposed the retreat ofwel the Ten Thousand through the mountains north ofwel Mesopotamia in the 4th century BC.
In 2014 werden de stad bedreigd en belegerd door troepen aangaande ISIS. Militaire vliegtuigen betreffende de Verenigde Staten bombardeerden in augustus 2014 een stellingen en artillerie met deze troepen.
After being occupied by the Turks in 1922, the British Army moved in to demarcate the border between Turkey and Iraq. Expecting a genocide by the Turks if left unguarded, the British established a base in the region and started infrastructure works which helped the revival ofwel Rawanduz.
وتارەکان بە بەستەرە دەرەکییە مردووەکان لە کانوونی یەکەمی ٢٠١٩
قەڵاکە بەسەر سێ گەڕەکی فراواندا دابەش بوو لە ڕۆژهەڵاتەوە بۆ ڕۆژئاوا ئەوانیش گەڕەکەکانی سەرا ، تەکیە و تۆپخانە بوون. سەرا شوێنی نیشتەجێ بوونی خێزانە فەرمانڕەواو و خەنەدانەکان بووە؛ گەڕەکی تەکییە، شوێنی نیشتەجێ بوونی دەروێش و موریدەکانی تەریقەتی قادری و نەقشبەندی بووە هەروەها بەهۆی بوونی تەکیە و مزگەوتەوە ئەو ناوەی لێ نراوە؛ و لە تۆپخانە خەڵکی ئاسایی و پیشەوەر و جووتیارانی تێدا نیشتەجێ بووە.لێکۆلێنەوەیەک ساڵی ١٩٢٠ دەریخست کە لەو کاتەدا قەڵاکە دابەش بووە بەسەر ٥٠٦ پارچە خانوودا.
This article may be too long to read and move around comfortably. Please consider splitting content into sub-articles and using this article for a summary ofwel the key points ofwel the subject. (December 2024)
The Kurds of Turkey likewise received unsympathetic behandeling at the hands of the government, which tried to deprive them of their Kurdish identity by designating them “Mountain Turks,” by outlawing the Kurdish language (or representing it as a dialect ofwel Turkish), and by forbidding them to wear distinctive Kurdish dress in or near the important administrative cities. The Turkish government suppressed Kurdish political agitation in the eastern provinces and encouraged the migration ofwel Kurds to the urbanized western portion of Turkey, thus diluting the concentration ofwel Kurdish population in the uplands. Periodic rebellions occurred, and in 1978 Abdullah Öcalan formed the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (known by its Kurdish acronym, PKK), a Kurdustan Marxist organization dedicated to creating an independent Kurdistan.
Most of the rain falls in winter and spring, and kan zijn usually heavy. Summer and early autumn are virtually dry, and spring is fairly tepid. Iraqi Kurdistan sees snowfall occasionally in the winter, and frost is common. There kan zijn a seasonal lag in some places in summer, with temperatures peaking around August and September[citation needed]. Climate gegevens for Erbil
Although the Yaresan speak various languages today, their religious texts are written in a variety of Gorani, and the villages we have been documenting in Iran and Iraq still use this language in their everyday life. Data were collected in Iran between 2007 and 2010, and in Iraq in 2011.